Title : Optimizing the doses of chitosan/Tripolyphosphate loaded nanoparticles of clodinofop propargyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl to manage Avena fatua L.: An environmentally safer alternative tool to control weeds
Abstract:
Avena fatua is a main and troublesome weed of wheat all over the globe. Controlling weeds by use of chemical means is a quick and efficient method for weed management, however, herbicides are criticized for environmental pollution and resistance development in weeds. Therefore, the present study was planned for chemical synthesis, characterization, and dose optimization of chitosan-based nanoparticles of clodinofop Propargyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl for management of A. fatua. Chitosan based nanoparticles of clodinofop Propargyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl were prepared by ionic glification technique. The nano-particles of clodinofop Propargyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl were sprayed at 3-4 leaf stage of P. minor weed at seven different doses (D0= Weedy Check, D1= Normal herbicide at recommended dose, D2= Nano herbicide at recommended dose of normal herbicide, D3= 05-fold lower dose of nano herbicide, D4= 10-fold lower dose of nano herbicide, D5= 15-fold lower dose of nano herbicide and D6=20-fold lower dose of nano herbicide) were used Chitosan based nano-particles of herbicides were characterized for U-V absorbance study, SEM, FT-IR and XRD. The chitosan-based nanoparticles of clodinofop Propargyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl at recommended dose of normal herbicide weed and cause 100% mortality and visual injury. However, 5-fold lower dose of chitosan-based nanoparticles of clodinofop Propargyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl caused maximum visual injury (93.83%), mortality (91.67%) and minimum chlorophyll contents (9.33%), plant height (6.25 cm), fresh biomass (0.31g) and dry biomass (0.13g) of A. fatua. Chitosan based nanoparticles of clodinofop Propargyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl at 10-fold lower dose of normal herbicides and recommended dose of clodinofop Propargyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl produce similar effect on chlorophyll contents, visual injury, mortality, plant height, fresh biomass and dry biomass of A. fatua.