Title : Breeding program of central Asian seedless grapes
Abstract:
During the presentation will be discussed during about the breeding program of seedless grapes using embryo rescue method. Embryo rescue application is one of the best solutions to decrease biological limitation. Rescuing intervals lasted until between 10 and 80 DAP intervals. Immature weak embryos were placed in an artificial medium to supply their formation, germination, and plantlet potential. To detect seedlessness traits among hybrid population molecular markers (CSS8, GLSP1, VvAGL11, VvIn16, SCF27, SCP18, UDV108) were used. High-performance liquid chromatography (HLPC) was applied to understand the hormonal metabolism (auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, salicylic acid) of embryo development and during embryo abortion of seedless grapes. Regarding pollen viability, in the TTC (2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) staining test, both Kishmish cultivars presented pollen viability approximately 13%. Embryos of Kishmish cultivars shaped globular, heart, torpedo, and large like horseshoe-shaped with three sharp corners form. Local Kishmish grape cultivars demonstrated embryo development at 50 DAP and self-embryo abortion after 80 DAP. The heart and torpedo shape of embryos had a high level of embryo germination and plantlet potential. At 70 DAP both studied Kishmish cultivars formed torpedo-shaped embryos. After 70 DAP interval endosperm absorption occurred but the embryo survived into berry rudiments. The concentration of kinetin in leaves was 1.583mg/100g, and grape berry had 0.340mg/100g. Seedless grapes produced salicylic acid 82.23mg/100g in leaf tissue, and 2.41 mg/100g in berry tissues during the development stages. We are screening molecular markers to detect seedlessness among F1 populations, that are linked to a major locus involved in seedlessness in seed development inhibitor (SDI) gene.
