Title : In vitro propagation of grapevine shoots and its molecular analysis
Abstract:
Preserving genetic similarity is one of the key points to enhance resilience, functionality, and unique adaptation. Micropropagation is the most reliable approach to preserve genetic similarity. In this work, we compared the efficiencies of the three modified growth culture media–Murashige and Skoog (MS), Woody Plant Medium (WPM), and Driver-Kuniyuki Wallnut (DKW) on shooting number and length. The efficiency of BAP, kinetin, and meta-topolin in the above culture media has been established for four local Uzbek grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars. MS was found to be the most efficient culture media among the studied ones to grow Odqum kishmish, Rizamat, Toyfi, Sugdiyona kishmish grape cultivars, belonging to highly productive ones in Uzbekistan. In this work, we compared the effects of MS1, WPM1, and DKW1 nutrient media (not holding mT) with MS2, WPM2, and DKW2 nutrients containing mT. In MS2, WPM2, and DKW2 media, there was a significant increase in shoot number and length.
The shoot number of Oqdum kishmish and Rizamat cultivars were compared in media containing mT (MS2) and without (MS1). Explants grown in MS1 nutrient media had 5, 6 buds, while explants grown in MS2 nutrient media had an average increase of 8, 10 buds.
Compared to MS1 (A1) medium, MS2 (A2) nutrient medium showed a reduction in the day of shooting of Oqdum kishmish and Rizamat cultivars. No significant difference was found in the shooting days of Toyfi and Sugdiyona kishmish cultivars. Significant differences were observed in the shoot number and length of two cultivars grown in the A2 media. Greater difference belonged to Oqdum kishmish over Rizamat. There were no significant differences in the number of shoots of Toyfi and Sugdiyona kishmish cultivars grown in the A1 and A2 samples; the difference was found only in the shoot length. Among the four cultivars, Oqdum kishmish was the best indicator. The average number of shoots was 8–9, and the length increased by 5–6 cm. The research results show that growing plants in artificial nutrient media does not always ensure normal growth; it depends on the genotype of the plants as well.
Explants grown in WPM1 (B1) and WPM2 (B2) media under the influence of 0.5 mg L-1 mT showed a difference in shoot number in Oqdum kishmish cultivar. A clear difference in the shoot length was shown in Toyfi cultivar. In Rizamat cultivar, the number of shoots increased in those grown in B2 media. In the Sugdiyona kishmish cultivar, the shoot number and length increased in B2, which is attributed to mT. Under the influence of mT, the number of shoots of all cultivars increased. Different growth of the reign length is a process depending on the genotype of the plants.
In this work, we established that BAP, Kin, and mT in 1.0: 0.5: 0.5mgL-1 doses significantly increased the number and length of shoots of four cultivars of Vitis vinifera. We found that growth regulators increased and prolonged the number of shoots. (SSR) microsatellite markers were used to compare the obtained explants with the mother plant in order to determine the purity of the cultivar and genetic variability. As a result, it was found that the explants are genetically similar to the mother plant. The modified MS2 nutrient medium was found to be the most effective nutrient for the studied grape cultivars.
